Home/ Incident database/gemini-cli-file-delete-2025-07
Service disruption Data loss verified

Google's Gemini CLI hallucinates a directory move and permanently deletes a user's files

Google (Gemini CLI) · Jul 21, 2025 · Coding agent

What happened

Product manager Anuraag Gupta asked Gemini CLI to reorganise a project; the agent's mkdir failed silently, it hallucinated that the destination existed, and its subsequent move commands overwrote files into an unrecoverable state. Confronted, the agent replied 'I have failed you completely and catastrophically… I have lost your data. This is an unacceptable, irreversible failure.' The incident came days after the similar Replit database deletion.

Loss / impact
Jul 21
2025
Data
Failure mode
Coding
Agent type

Causal vector

Agent treated an unverified command result as success and chained destructive operations on the false state

Source

Reported by Mashable. Verified against the primary report.

Read the original report ↗

How a spend firewall would have helped

The failure was chaining destructive writes on unverified state. Treat destructive operations like spend: a velocity limit on consecutive irreversible actions plus an approval threshold before batch moves/deletes gives the human a checkpoint exactly where this run went off the rails.

The six rule types that contain this class of failure

Per-transaction cap

Any single spend above your ceiling is BLOCKED before it moves.

Daily total

Cumulative spend across all agent calls, bounded per day.

Velocity limit

Stops runaway retry loops — the #1 cause of overnight losses.

Merchant allowlist

Only approved destinations can ever receive funds.

Category rules

Flag high-risk classes (crypto, infra, refunds) for review.

Approval threshold

Above a value, the action waits for a human.

Related incidents

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